To get the latitudes and longitudes working again, I changed these lines:

lat *= 1;
lat += 90;
lon *= 1;
lon -= 90;

I also reflipped the image (so North America is on the left).

Things to change:
ofTexture *earthMapTexture;
earthMapTexture = &earthMap.getTextureReference();
earthMapTexture->bind();
earthMapTexture->unbind();

Woohoo!

This is an excellent resource that you have posted! I tried compiling this for iPhone OS 3.0+, and there is just one problem: the earth texture does not load.

Do you know why this would be happening? Would it be possible for you to take a look at this and post an updated version for 3.0+?